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How to use terminal mac as a calculator install#
How to use terminal mac as a calculator iso#
How to use terminal mac as a calculator download#

You should download the file again from either the same mirror, or from a different mirror if you suspect a server error. If the hashes do not match, then there was a problem with either the download or a problem with the server. When both hashes match exactly, then the downloaded file is almost certainly intact. Compare the hash number with the corresponding hash on the UbuntuHashes page. Method 3 - You can use the Terminal.app and follow the instructions for SHA256SUM on Linux, except use the command "openssl md5" instead of "sha256sum".Įach method returns a hash number. The command line returns the hash number.

How to use terminal mac as a calculator iso#

Type "md5", type a space, drag the iso file into the terminal window (appends command with iso file path), and press Enter. Method 2 - If MD5 is not available in the Images > Checksum menu, open a terminal window (Applications > Utilities > Terminal.app).

Be sure to choose "MD5" and NOT "MD5 image checksum" or "CRC-32 image checksum", as they are not the same and will give you different results. Go to the "Images" menu and select Checksum > MD5. Go to the directory where you downloaded the Ubuntu disk image, and drag it to Disk Utility's dock icon (displays on the left-hand side of Disk Utility, underneath your physical drives). Open Disk Utility and wait for it to gather information about your disks. Method 1 - The easiest (if MD5 is available) is using the Disk Utility program (Applications > Utilities, or by choosing "Utilities" from the Finder's "Go" menu). There are three methods of using md5sumsum on an OS X machine. This should be updated by someone with access to a Mac. Go ahead and use it (or play frisbee with it if you want). Depending on your system, you may need to change cdrom to cdrom0 (or even cdrom1 if you have two CD drives).Ĭongratulations, you now have a verified Ubuntu CD. You can check the integrity of the CD without rebooting as follows.Ĭheck the calculated hash against UbuntuHashes as shown for the iso file above. Great, but if the CD is corrupt then you have already wasted time rebooting.

When you boot from the CD you will be given the option to test its integrity. So far so good, you have downloaded an iso and verified its integrity. You may want to refer to the BurningIsoHowto page. Once you have verified the sha256 hash, go ahead and burn the CD. If the OK for your file appears, that indicates the hash matches. The sha256sum line should output a line such as: Then run the following commands in a terminal. If you continuously receive an erroneous file from a server, please be kind and notify the web-master of that mirror so they can investigate the issue.įirst download the SHA256SUMS and SHA256SUMS.gpg files to the same directory as the iso. When both hashes match exactly then the downloaded file is almost certainly intact.

c01b39c7a35ccc3b081a3e83d2c71fa9a767ebfeb45c69f08e17dfe3ef375a7b *Ĭompare the hash (the alphanumeric string on left) that your machine calculated with the corresponding hash in the SHA256SUMS file.

Sha256sum should then print out a single line after calculating the hash: Then run the following command from within the download directory. įirst open a terminal and go to the correct directory to check a downloaded iso file: Ubuntu distributes the SHA-256 checksum hashes in a file called SHA256SUMS in the same directory listing as the download page for your release. We are going to use the Ubuntu 9.10 LiveDVD for the following example: Most Linux distributions come with the sha256sum utility (on Ubuntu it is part of the coreutils package). You should verify this file using the PGP signature, SHA256SUMS.gpg (such as ) as described in VerifyIsoHowto. See the SHA-256 checksum file for the release you're using under, such as. The SHA-256 hash must be signed or come from a secure source (such as a HTTPS page or a GPG-signed file) of an organization you trust. In terms of security, cryptographic hashes such as SHA-256 allow for authentication of data obtained from insecure mirrors.

How to use terminal mac as a calculator install#

It is a very good idea to run an SHA-256 hash comparison check when you have a file like an operating system install CD that has to be 100% correct. The possibility of changes (errors) is proportional to the size of the file the possibility of errors increase as the file becomes larger. SHA-256 serves a similar purpose to a prior algorithm recommended by Ubuntu, MD5, but is less vulnerable to attack.Ĭomparing hashes makes it possible to detect changes in files that would cause errors. SHA-256 hashes used properly can confirm both file integrity and authenticity. The program sha256sum is designed to verify data integrity using the SHA-256 (SHA-2 family with a digest length of 256 bits).